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奧地利作家茨威格曾經說過一句著名的話“當我不在家的時候，我在咖啡店; 當我不在咖啡店的時候，我在去咖啡店的路上” 咖啡是一種”適合所有人，所有生活方式的生活方式” 咖啡有很多種口味，一位心理學家曾經調查了1000名常喝咖啡的人，發現美國的咖啡飲用者，雖然看起來直接而實際，但是傾向於保持簡單，實際上更注重細節，是一個生活質量很高的人。

於是問題出現了：如何選擇一款適合自己的美式咖啡機嗎?

美式咖啡機原理

采用傳統熱水滴到咖啡粉上面，萃取出一個咖啡，萃取好的咖啡會滴到下面的玻璃咖啡壺。所以對於美式咖啡機通常可以分為企業上下進行兩層，咖啡粉放在內部裝有空氣過濾器的漏鬥狀容器，下層之間則為基礎玻璃或陶瓷制的咖啡壺，冷水在另一個空間分隔的間隔。啟動時，將冷水通過加熱到90攝氏度環境左右並漸漸地倒入漏鬥狀容器內，使熱水系統經過中國咖啡粉而流入城市下方的咖啡壺內，從而沖制咖啡。

美式咖啡機關於咖啡機，功能比較簡單，但是也很容易操作，只需輕輕一按，你可以喝美味的咖啡。它的便攜性遠遠超過一台咖啡機，非常適合家庭使用。而一些美式咖啡機，兩用豆粕，各種口味和濃度可自由選擇，以滿足不同的口味。

雖然我們有些美式咖啡機也能滿足企業不同產品口味的需求，但在社會功能和口味上，卻沒有意式咖啡機全面。不能直接用來進行制作花式咖啡，對於口感要求高的人一般來說，不建議可以使用，所以說美式咖啡機使用過程中有些局限，只限於對口感要求水平不高的人。

買一台美國咖啡機，看看這裏

首先要注意的是機器的材料，也就是塑料的質量。 塑料的一個選擇是食品安全，許多使用美國式機器的人可能會聞到很多塑料的味道，因為使用的塑料不好。 泡咖啡的時候幾乎聞不到好的塑料味。 然而，為了降低成本，中國一些工廠使用回收的黑色塑料來生產多用途黑色，黑色可以被回收材料中的一些雜質覆蓋，如果機器制成白色，更可以看到材料的質量。 還要注意塑料機的厚度，有的機器可能是為了降低成本，機器的壁做得很薄，用手指或壓力都能清楚地感覺到。 薄壁容易破裂，薄壁加熱時會加重塑料氣味。

二機購買，一定要選擇穿孔熱水，孔越多越細越好，一般至少有9個孔，讓很多美國多孔的。目前，許多美國在線售賣機以及國產機的商場很多都是單洞水，這是非常不合理的，一個大洞出來的熱水，容易導致過度開采中心，缺乏邊緣提取，如果它是一個單孔熱水，而且嚴重影響萃取效率。美式咖啡機的加熱時的各種方式的主要方面，加入過量的流量閥，或功率是增加水的溫度更高，更快加熱;越好，設備將使用類似的半封閉加熱鍋爐：不鏽鋼螺旋換熱鍋爐黃銅裏面，這美式咖啡機水溫達92-96度，典型的美國機水來講流動的出來只有80度咖啡顯然冷水溫度處理的情況下，考慮如何使熱水咖啡充分浸泡，一般濾紙，如果你可以用一種瑞士金黃金swissgold類似的過濾器網絡，它會更好。

最後，美式咖啡機無論是最簡單的還是有電子信息控制系統功能的，都會有自動進行保溫技術功能。就是煮咖啡的時候水煮完了，機器學習可以根據不用關機，進入一個自動保溫工作狀態。為了能夠盡可能多的喝到咖啡的香味，保溫溫度相對較低的美式咖啡機。當然我們最好是能做到即煮即飲。

相關文章：

愛喝咖啡的看過來-咖啡機的選擇

在咖啡機面前，難道你就只會喝咖啡

生活有情調 咖啡來調配 看看這邊關於咖啡機的介紹吧

Dive underneath the hood of the FPGA: Exactly what is inside of an FPGA that makes it so distinct from the microcontroller and still however so flexible?

Precisely what will make an FPGA so different from a microcontroller and still so flexible? This informative article proceeds the exploration of FPGAs, specializing in the role of flip-flops and lookup tables (LUTs) in logic blocks.

The basic developing blocks inside of an FPGA would be the flip-flop along with the lookup desk (LUT). These are put together to kind what are often called logic blocks. The logic blocks link to one another, as well as the outside the house globe, via programmable interconnects. The flip-flops function more or less like every flip-flop you may have stumbled on around the yrs. LUTs, conversely, aren?¡¥t very as common a concept.

FPGA Internals

Before I recognized anything in regards to the inner workings of your FPGA, I wondered how the equipment may be loaded up with each of the random gates required to develop a performing logic system. That?¡¥s an inexpensive problem to check with, but I should have considered the lookup table. I?¡¥ve utilized them in other configurations, myself.

When you take a look at the datasheet for any logic gate, you?¡¥ll uncover a fact desk. It?¡¥s very straightforward. Put a certain mixture of ones and zeros around the input traces, and both a one or even a zero comes out the other close.

The LUT in an FPGA holds a personalized truth of the matter desk, that is loaded once the chip is driven up. Imagine the LUT being a modest scratchpad RAM. The LUT inputs act as the handle lines for just a corresponding one-bit-wide RAM cell. When an FPGA is configured, the bits from the LUT are loaded with types or zeros based on what the ideal reality desk might be. As an alternative of wiring up a bunch of logic gates that produce the desired reality table, it?¡¥s just simulated in a very specific variety of RAM.

A traditional two-input logic gate presents a selected output for four unique enter mixtures, and so it may be simulated with a 4?¨¢1 little bit scratchpad RAM. A four-input LUT would have a 16?¨¢1 bit scratchpad RAM.

The logic blocks during the FPGA I?¡¥m working with in this posting, the Xilinx Spartan 6 LX9, have 64?¨¢1 RAM cells, every single accompanied by a twin flip-flop. The LUTs are established to imitate logic gate mixtures, as well as flip-flops are made use of being a type of storage and as counters and dividers. The mixture LUT/dual flip-flop can be employed as ?¡ãlogic, distributed RAM, or shift-registers,?¡À as said during the "Spartan-6 Family members Overview", joined previously mentioned. Many FPGAs also have much larger banks of RAM, named block RAM, which might only be utilized for storage. A lot more particular depth on this chip might be found inside the overview doc joined to above.

What all of that usually means in follow is that our hardware description language (HDL) code configures sets of such logic blocks to offer each of the operation we want from an FPGA.

1 Caution with LUTs

A single disadvantage in the LUT can be a phenomenon often called a "glitch." It?¡¥s not a ?¡ãglitch?¡À when it comes to any generic detail absent incorrect, but a specific attribute of LUT-based logic.

Look at a discreet logic gate. You set logic kinds or zeros about the inputs as well as output almost quickly improvements. There will certainly be a bit of propagation delay, but there?¡¥s never any ambiguity with regards to exactly what the output is. Change the inputs of a two-input AND gate from "zero, zero" to "one, one" and also the output is confirmed to go from zero to at least one.

In a LUT, nevertheless, you?¡¥re definitely modifying the deal with with a one-bit large RAM financial institution. There is usually a quick second when the LUT enter bits change?athe RAM address is currently being changed?awhen the RAM proficiently doesn?¡¥t really know what to place on the output. If, in that time period of uncertainty, the LUT output differs from what the supposed output is, we contact that a glitch.

With discrete logic chips, you may carry out operations asynchronously: just do a little something over the input as well as the transform will propagate all the way through your set of logic gates. However, with LUTs, your supposed output is probably not correct until finally the glitch period of time is handed.

Glitches aren?¡¥t a difficulty in today?¡¥s case in point, but it?¡¥s fantastic to begin with some consciousness. Dealing with them might be included in a very later article with this sequence.

Related links：

Comparing an FPGA into a Microcontroller, Microprocessor or an ASIC

FPGA vs Microcontroller ¡§C Rewards of Utilizing An FPGA

FPGA Vs ASIC: Variances Between Them And Which One To utilize?

FPGA Fundamentals

FPGA DESIGN AND STYLE APPLICATIONS

　　My grandmother, Diane Brace, who has died aged 87, spent her life in education and political activism. She was principal of North London College - now City and Islington College - as well as national chair of the Association for Liberal Education and UK president of the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom.

　　Diane was born and brought up in Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, the daughter of Dick Collingwood-Prince, a civil servant and osteopath, and his wife, Kitty (nee Harvey), a seamstress, both strict communist vegetarians. As a child she would distribute anti-Franco leaflets with her parents; she grew into a Labour supporter and campaigner, save for the period 2003-2007, when she cancelled her membership due to the Iraq war.

　　Diane attended Tiffin school and then went to the London School of Economics in 1948, where she studied politics and economics under the philosopher Karl Popper. Her classmates included future cabinet ministers and global financiers, and also Derrick Brace, whom she married in 1951; they had two children, George and Catherine.

　　She began her career as a primary school teacher at Molesey junior school, with a class of 40 seven-year-old boys, after which she claimed “everything was easy”.

　　The most lasting relationship of her life was a friendship that began in 1945, when Diane drew a name out of a hat at school to select an American pen-friend. Over some 73 years Diane and Phyllis Stuckey (later Yingling), from Baltimore, came to write hundreds of candid letters to each other, helping each other to weather misfortunes, including the end of Diane’s marriage in 1966, and the death of her son, George, in 1979, at the age of 27.

　　In 1980 Diane took a sabbatical from her job as a lecturer in liberal studies at Brooklands College in Weybridge to study politics and sociology at Birkbeck College under Sir Bernard Crick. She then became the first female staff tutor at the Further Education Staff College, and was in 1986 appointed principal of North London College. In her four years there she made equal opportunities a priority, starting a mentorship programme for ethnic minority students.

　　In the early 1990s, she set up and ran Greenwich University’s masters’ programme in public sector management.

　　After retirement at the age of 71, Diane threw herself into activism again, joining the WILPF. She also hosted a popular and vibrant seminar in Islington on current affairs for the University of the Third Age, applying the teachings of Popper.

　　She is survived by Catherine and four grandchildren, Victoria, Emma, Charlotte and me.